Freedom Holding Corp. is a multinational financial services group operating across Central Asia, Eastern Europe, and select markets in Western Europe and the Middle East, with primary operations in Kazakhstan, Cyprus, and the United States. The company operates four core business segments: a brokerage business that executes and clears trades in equities, debt securities, options, and futures; a banking division offering deposit products, consumer and corporate lending, and foreign currency exchange services; an insurance segment underwriting both long-duration contracts such as life insurance and annuities and short-duration contracts covering property, casualty, and liability risks; and other operations including telecommunications infrastructure. The company generates revenue from transaction-based brokerage commissions, interest income on loans and deposits, insurance underwriting premiums net of claims, gains on trading securities and foreign exchange operations, and telecommunications services.