TH International Limited operates and franchises Tim Hortons branded coffee and quick-service restaurant stores across mainland China, Hong Kong, and Macau under an exclusive master development agreement with Restaurant Brands International. The company generates revenue through multiple channels: direct sales at company-owned stores, franchise fees and advertising contributions from sub-franchisees, sales of equipment and food materials to franchisees, and e-commerce and wholesale distribution of packaged coffee and tea products. Operating as both a franchisor and retailer, the company manages its own store portfolio while supporting an independent franchisee network, allowing it to capture revenue across direct store operations, franchise royalties, and support services in the Chinese quick-service restaurant market.