Novartis is a global pharmaceutical company that discovers, develops, and commercializes innovative prescription medicines focused on oncology, neuroscience, immunology, and cardiovascular-renal-metabolic diseases. The company generates revenue primarily through sales of proprietary medicines across multiple therapeutic areas and geographies, complemented by licensing and milestone income from collaboration agreements, with a concentrated portfolio where the top products drive the majority of sales. Novartis operates across strategic global markets and invests substantially in research and development across established chemistry and biotherapeutics platforms as well as advanced modalities including radioligand therapy, gene therapy, and cell therapy to build long-term competitive advantages.