Energy Vault develops, delivers, and operates energy storage and critical power infrastructure solutions for utilities, independent power producers, industrial customers, and grid operators across North America, Europe, and Australia. The company offers three primary technology platforms: B-VAULT electrochemical battery systems for short-duration applications, G-VAULT proprietary gravity energy storage systems for longer-duration needs, and H-VAULT hybrid systems combining batteries with hydrogen fuel cells. Beyond traditional build-and-transfer projects and licensing arrangements, Energy Vault increasingly owns and operates energy storage assets, generating revenue through equipment sales, recurring cash flows from asset ownership and operation, software licensing and subscriptions for asset management and optimization, and long-term service contracts, while competing on integrated capabilities, technology-agnostic platforms, and software-enabled performance across multiple storage durations.