JD.com is a supply chain-based technology and service provider headquartered in China that operates an integrated e-commerce and logistics ecosystem serving consumers, merchants, suppliers, and business partners primarily across mainland China. The company generates revenue through multiple streams including online retail sales, third-party marketplace commissions, logistics and fulfillment services, advertising and marketing services, healthcare services, and other supply chain solutions. Beyond its core e-commerce platform, JD.com operates a major logistics subsidiary providing warehousing, distribution, express delivery, and fulfillment services; an ad-tech platform leveraging artificial intelligence; healthcare operations; and infrastructure and industrial development subsidiaries, creating a diversified platform that connects consumers, merchants, suppliers, and institutional partners across sectors including retail, healthcare, and industrial operations.